Therefore, in order to be easily accepted, criticizing critics needs to employ the same perspective, fuqahā’s arguments. He realized, to some extent, that criticism to Sufism mainly came from the jurists (fuqahā’). This actually shows the strength of his work in compiling arguments using the “criticism from within” approach. He preferred to quote the arguments of the jurists (fuqahā’), such as al-Subkī and al-Haytamī. Although he mastered on tasawwuf and possessed a genealogical chain to al-Ghazali, al-Qushairi and some other Sufis, he did not use their arguments. In this sense, Mahfūẓ wrote a treatise on Sufism entitled Bughyat al-Adhkiyā’ fī Bahthi’an Karāmāt al-Awliyā’. Drawing on historical, hermeneutics, and intertextual approach, it will elaborate his involvement in the 19th century discourse on wali and karāma, in which the Wahhabiyya’s strong influence in Mecca was taking place. This paper aims to analyze Muhammad Mahfūẓ al-Tarmasī’s concept of wali and karāma, as well as his response and position in the discourse on those issues.
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